PCB contamination from sampling equipment and packaging     

Malin Andersson  Rolf Tore Ottesen  Morten Jartun  Ola Eggen  Ann-Christine Enqvist 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

Work reported in this paper suggests that there are cases of contamination of soil and water samples by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from paper and plastic packaging. Soil samples, which have been stored in paper bags for more than 20 years, share a similar congener distribution as the bags. Analyses showed a predominance of light congeners. PCB-analyses of water also indicate that water samples could be contaminated by plastic packaging. All analytical results of solid material packaging, as well as soil stored in the packaging, show a high relative amount of light weight PCB congeners. The paper bags that were analysed are made of strong paper and very popular among geochemists because of their watertight quality. These paper bags were manufactured more than 20 years ago. The plastic packaging that was analysed was produced in 1997 and 2008. The analyses of plastic and paper show that the raw material that has been used in the production at different times contains a wide concentration range of PCB. Re-sealable plastic bags, which contained the highest levels of PCB of the plastic material, are used by researchers world-wide as sampling bags for soils and sediments. This paper raises an important issue that packaging may potentially contaminate the samples that they hold.  相似文献   

The cosmological significance of low surface brightness galaxies found in a deep blind neutral hydrogen survey     

R. F. Minchin  M. J. Disney  Q. A. Parker  P. J. Boyce  W. J. G. de Blok  G. D. Banks †  R. D. Ekers  K. C. Freeman  D. A. Garcia  B. K. Gibson  M. Grossi  R. F. Haynes  P. M. Knezek  R. H. Lang  D. F. Malin  R. M. Price  M. Putman  I. M. Stewart  A. E. Wright 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,355(4):1303-1314

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High-resolution fjord sediment record of a receding glacier with growing intermediate proglacial lake (Steffen Fjord,Chilean Patagonia)     

Loic Piret  Sebastien Bertrand  Jon Hawkings  Malin E. Kylander  Fernando Torrejón  Benjamin Amann  Jemma Wadham 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(1):239-251

Proglacial lakes are effective sediment traps but their impact on the reliability of downstream sediment records to reconstruct glacier variability remains unclear. Here, we investigate the sedimentary signature of the recent recession of Steffen Glacier (Chilean Patagonia, 47°S) in downstream fjord sediments, with a focus on identifying the trapping (decreased downstream sediment yield) and filtering (removal of coarse particles) effectiveness of a growing intermediate proglacial lake. Four sediment cores were collected along a 14 km longitudinal transect in Steffen Fjord and the sediment physical and chemical properties were compared with aerial imagery at high temporal resolution. The caesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) chronology of the most distal core and sediment trap data suggest that sediment accumulation in the fjord remained relatively stable through time, despite the accelerating glacier recession and the growth of Steffen proglacial lake. This is in contrast with many studies that indicate a decrease in sediment yield during proglacial lake expansion. It implies that the increase in sediment export due to accelerating meltwater production may be balanced by the sediment trapping effect of the growing proglacial lake. The fjord sediments show a slight fining upward accompanied by a marked decrease in flood-induced grain-size peaks, most likely due to the increasing filtering and dampening effect of the expanding proglacial lake. Our findings show that the filtering effect of the proglacial lake reached a threshold in 1985, when the lake attained an area of 2.02 km². The additional 5 km of glacier recession during the following 32 years did not have any significant impact on downstream sedimentation. This study confirms that proglacial lakes act as sediment traps but it indicates that (1) the trapping effect can be outpaced by accelerating glacier recession and (2) the filtering effect becomes stable once the lake attains a certain critical size. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

小样本数据下安徽省经济-环境系统协调发展的实证分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋马林  徐龙  王舒鸿  张琳玲 《地理研究》2013,32(8):1402-1410

作为一个非线性复杂系统,经济与环境之间相互作用,两者之间如果彼此协调,就能推动社会的可持续发展,反之则会阻碍社会的发展,中国各省份情况概莫能外。使用主成分分析和环境与经济系统协调度计量模型,对安徽省2000-2010 年的经济—环境协调状况进行了定量分析,计算出该省经济—环境之间的协调度;然后利用基于IOWA算子的组合预测方法,对小样本数据进行外推预测;进而给出"十二五"期间实现安徽省经济—环境系统协调发展的政策建议,指出当地政府在制定相应公共政策时,应对本地区经济—环境系统影响较大的因子予以格外关注,同时要避免地区之间争夺区域外投资的恶性竞争,否则将不利于经济—环境系统的协调发展。  相似文献   

Hässeldala – a key site for Last Termination climate events in northern Europe     

Barbara Wohlfarth  Francesco Muschitiello  Sarah L. Greenwood  August Andersson  Malin Kylander  Rienk H. Smittenberg  Margret Steinthorsdottir  Jenny Watson  Nicola J. Whitehouse 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):143-161

The Last Termination (19 000–11 000 a BP) with its rapid and distinct climate shifts provides a perfect laboratory to study the nature and regional impact of climate variability. The sedimentary succession from the ancient lake at Hässeldala Port in southern Sweden with its distinct Lateglacial/early Holocene stratigraphy (>14.1–9.5 cal. ka BP) is one of the few chronologically well‐constrained, multi‐proxy sites in Europe that capture a variety of local and regional climatic and environmental signals. Here we present Hässeldala's multi‐proxy records (lithology, geochemistry, pollen, diatoms, chironomids, biomarkers, hydrogen isotopes) in a refined age model and place the observed changes in lake status, catchment vegetation, summer temperatures and hydroclimate in a wider regional context. Reconstructed mean July temperatures increased between c. 14.1 and c. 13.1 cal. ka BP and subsequently declined. This latter cooling coincided with drier hydroclimatic conditions that were probably associated with a freshening of the Nordic Seas and started a few hundred years before the onset of Greenland Stadial 1 (c. 12.9 cal. ka BP). Our proxies suggest a further shift towards colder and drier conditions as late as c. 12.7 cal. ka BP, which was followed by the establishment of a stadial climate regime (c. 12.5–11.8 cal. ka BP). The onset of warmer and wetter conditions preceded the Holocene warming over Greenland by c. 200 years. Hässeldala's proxies thus highlight the complexity of environmental and hydrological responses across abrupt climate transitions in northern Europe.  相似文献   

Lagged social-ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries     

Malin L. Pinsky  Michael Fogarty 《Climatic change》2012,115(3-4):883-891

While previous research has documented marine fish and invertebrates shifting poleward in response to warming climates, less is known about the response of fisheries to these changes. By examining fisheries in the northeastern United States over the last four decades of warming temperatures, we show that northward shifts in species distributions were matched by corresponding northward shifts in fisheries. The proportion of warm-water species caught in most states also increased through time. Most importantly, however, fisheries shifted only 10–30 % as much as their target species, and evidence suggested that economic and regulatory constraints played important roles in creating these lags. These lags may lead to overfishing and population declines if not accounted for in fisheries management and climate adaptation. In coupled natural-human systems such as fisheries, human actions play important roles in determining the sustainability of the system and, therefore, future conservation and climate mitigation planning will need to consider not only biophysical changes, but also human responses to these changes and the feedbacks that these responses have on ecosystems.  相似文献   

Astrometry of Southern radio sources     

Graeme L. White  David L. Jauncey  Bruce R. Harvey  Ann Savage  Samuel Gulkis  Robert A. Preston  Bruce A. Peterson  John E. Reynolds  George D. Nicolson  D. F. Malin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):79-83

An overview is presented of a number of astrometry and astrophysics programs based on radio sources from the Parkes 2.7 GHz catalogues. The programs cover the optical identification and spectroscopy of flat-spectrum Parkes sources and the determination of their milliarc-second radio structures and positions. Work is also in progress to tie together the radio and Hipparcos positional reference frames. A parallel program of radio and optical astrometry of southern radio stars is also under way.  相似文献   

A reassessment of the non-stoichiometry of fayalite     

Mats Hillert  Malin Selleby  Bo Sundman 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1996,23(6):387-390

The thermogravimetric measurements on fayalite reported by Nakamura and Schmalzried (1983) have been reassessed using the compound-energy model and computer calculations which eliminate much mathematical manipulation and subjective choice. The calculated phase field for fayalite differs somewhat from the one obtained by Nakamura and Schmalzried (1983) but there is satisfactory agreement in the experimental range.  相似文献   

150 years of magnetic observatories: Recent researches on world data     

D. R. Barraclough  T. D. G. Clark  S. W. H. Cowley  F. H. Hibberd  R. Hide  D. J. Kerridge  F. J. Lowes  S. R. C. Malin  T. Murphy  H. Rishbeth  S. K. Runcorn  H. C. Soffel  D. N. Stewart  W. F. Stuart  K. A. Whaler  D. E. Winch 《Surveys in Geophysics》1992,13(1):47-88

A joint Discussion Meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Irish Academy, held on January 11th, 1991, commemorated the establishment of some early magnetic observatories, discussed recent research using global geomagnetic data and described the present status of magnetic observatories in the United Kingdom. The observatory and instruments at the Dublin magnetic observatory; the origins of the Greenwich magnetic observatory, and why it eventually had to be resited; and the history of the Munich magnetic observatory formed the historical part of the proceedings. Current research topics discussed were the geomagnetic secular variation and deep Earth structure and dynamics; fluid flow patterns near the top of the core; the origin of the annual variation of the geomagnetic field; results of an analysis of monthly means from some British observatories; a new theory of the geomagnetic daily variation; and the interactions between ionospheric science and geomagnetism. The present-day observatory scene was described in terms of the information that can be derived from the almost 40 year series of data from Hartland magnetic observatory; of the methods used to process data from the three UK magnetic observatories, which nowadays are operated automatically and remotely; and (a look into the future) of a new project, INTERMAGNET, which aims to make available, in near real time, data from the world-wide network of magnetic observatories.  相似文献   

Geomagnetic spherical harmonic analysis     

S. R. C. Malin  Susan B. Pocock 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1969,75(1):117-132

Summary An attempt is made to determine the optimum representation of the geomagnetic field in terms of spherical harmonics with regard to the number of parameters required for an adequate accuracy of fit, and considering the effect of allowing for the oblateness of the earth. A representative set of geomagnetic data was subjected to a set of analyses with from 8 to 120 coefficients for both spherical and oblate models of the earth. It is concluded that a sixth order analysis (48 coefficients) with no allowance for oblateness is the most compact representation of the field compatible with tolerable accuracy.  相似文献